Angiology
Field of internal medicine, deals with blood and lymph vessels and their diseases.
Amputation
Surgical (or accidental) severance of limbs or parts of limbs, e.g., because severe circulatory problems have resulted in the death of limbs or parts of limbs.
Artery
Blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart. Arteries of the systemic circulation transport oxygen-rich blood. See also: Vein.
Arteriogenesis
Formation/growth of arteries.
Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
Vessel walls of arteries become thicker and harden due to fat and calcium deposits, their elasticity decreases, they narrow. Because of the disturbed blood flow, circulatory disorders or infarctions occur. Parts of the tissue may die. The blood pressure increases.
Arterial occlusive disease (AVD)
(also: peripheral arterial occlusive disease, pAVK). Blood flow in the arteries is obstructed by vasoconstriction and/or vascular occlusion. The musculature is poorly supplied with blood as a result. Physical exertion, such as fast walking, results in pain that subsides at rest (intermittent claudication). The legs are affected to about 80%, but also arms.
Claudication intermittens:
Repeated standing due to cramping pain in the leg (usually lower leg). See also: Shop-window disease.
Diabetes mellitus:
Diabetes. Group of diseases of different causes with a utilization disorder of glucose (blood sugar). Most common form: Type 2 diabetes, caused by insufficient sensitivity of tissues to insulin (insulin resistance) and disorders of insulin secretion by the pancreas. Long-standing diabetes leads to atherosclerosis/atherosclerosis. See also: Arteriosclerosis
Dialysis
Blood purification procedure using special machines for severe renal dysfunction.
Embolism
sudden occlusion of a blood vessel, for example with a blood clot, but also fat particles, air bubbles or foreign bodies.
Dyslipidemia
Diseases involving disorders, absorption, transport and processing of ingested fats and fatty acids in the body. These disorders contribute significantly to pathological changes in the arteries.
Heart attack (also: myocardial infarction)
Due to reduced blood flow (e.g., because of a blood vessel clot), a heart muscle district has died, usually acutely life-threatening.
Heart failure
see heart failure.
Heart failure
Heart failure. The heart can only perform its pumping function to a limited extent. Causes are e.g. circulatory disturbances of the heart or a heart attack. As a result, physical resilience is limited, and patients quickly experience respiratory distress. In the last stage already shortness of breath at rest.
Cerebral infarction
see stroke.
Cardiology
Specialty of internal medicine and pediatrics, deals with diseases of the heart and blood circulation.
Lymphedema
Obstruction of the outflow of lymph (blood plasma) in the lymphatic system, so that fluid accumulates in the subcutis and leads to swelling of the affected part of the body.
Neurology
Deals with diseases of the nervous system and musculature.
Non-metropolitan
Regions outside major cities and metropolitan areas.
Register
Anonymized data collection from patients with a selected disease or on a medical procedure (participant consent always required). This data collection can be scientifically evaluated under different questions (register study). Especially suitable for the analysis of everyday medicine.
Shop window disease
Arterial occlusive disease (AAD). People with AVK often have to stop when walking due to pain until the pain subsides, they walk “from shop window to shop window”. Technical term: Claudication intermittens – repeated standing due to cramp-like pain in the leg (usually lower leg), caused by reduced blood flow to the muscles. See also: Arterial occlusive disease.
Stroke
Sudden disturbance of blood flow to the brain (e.g., due to a blood clot and vascular occlusion or due to vascular hemorrhage) causes loss of function of the affected brain region. Consequences are e.g. muscle paralysis, speech or visual disturbances. Can be acutely life-threatening.
Thrombosis
Vessels or heart cavities are completely or partially occluded by pathologically altered vessel walls, blood clots or accumulation of blood platelets (thrombocytes).
Vein
Blood vessel that transports blood to the heart. Veins of the systemic circulation transport deoxygenated blood.
Health Services Research
Scientific study of disease and health care for the population: How can disease prevention measures, diagnostics, therapy and aftercare be ensured for citizens? Socio-medical, care structure and health economic questions are answered, health risks are assessed and measures to ensure medical quality are proposed and tested.